Which of the following conditions can be caused by immobility?

Immobility can lead to significant health issues, one of which is pneumonia. When a person is immobile, secretions can build up in the lungs due to reduced movement and shallow breathing. This stagnant fluid can create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, leading to pneumonia. In addition to pulmonary complications, immobility affects other body systems and can result in weakened muscles and compromised circulation, further increasing the risk for respiratory infections.

The other options illustrate conditions that are less likely or contrary to the effects of immobility. Strong muscular development would require regular movement and exercise, which immobility does not allow. Improved cardiovascular health is typically associated with physical activity; therefore, immobility can have the opposite effect by leading to a decline in cardiovascular function. Increased bone density also generally requires weight-bearing activities, which are minimized when a person is immobile, leading to a greater risk of osteoporosis or bone density loss.