What does NPO signify for patient care?

NPO stands for "nil per os," which is a Latin phrase meaning "nothing by mouth." This instruction is crucial in patient care as it indicates that a patient should not consume any food or fluids orally. This is often necessary before surgical procedures, certain diagnostic tests, or when a patient is experiencing specific medical conditions that could be exacerbated by oral intake. By ensuring that a patient is NPO, healthcare providers can reduce the risk of complications such as aspiration, which can occur if a patient is given food or drink when they are not ready or able to swallow safely. It is a standard protocol designed to protect the patient's health and safety during medical procedures.