What condition is characterized by damaged and enlarged air sacs in the lungs?

Emphysema is characterized by damage to the air sacs, known as alveoli, in the lungs, which become enlarged due to the destruction of their walls. This condition leads to a decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange, making it difficult for the individual to breathe and leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, a chronic cough, and wheezing. Emphysema is primarily a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke or air pollution. Understanding emphysema helps in recognizing the significant impact it has on respiratory function and overall health.